True West 2015-08 - PDF Free Download (2024)

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AUGUST 2015

The Infamous Dodge City War

Dissing the Daltons: The Bent Pipe Mystery

Soldiers of the Cross: Buffalo Soldier Chaplains in an Era of Prejudice

Lt. George Bascom Thrown Under the Wagon Why?

with

Luke Short Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson come to the aid of their friend

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Sept 10-12, 2015 Fort Worth, TX Competing Mustang Geldings Available for Adoption Mustang Gathering All-Around Show Saturday Night Freestyle Finals

tickets on sale now! extrememustangmakeover.com 512.869.3225

four great summer exhibits

OPE N I NGSHOT

WE TAKE YOU THERE

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Taos Pueblo Revolt Trio New Mexico’s Palace of the Governors Photo Archives acquired its first original photograph of Ceran St. Vrain this year (above). The Santa Fe Trail trader and wheat magnate is seated at left in the circa 1865 carte de visite. The inset also shows Dick Wootton (standing) and José Maria Valdez (seated at right). All three men helped crush the rebellion of Mexicans and their Taos Pueblo allies in 1847. The Mexicans were angry because Gov. Manuel Armijo had surrendered the territory of New Mexico to U.S. military forces the previous August—without firing a single shot. The Mexican-American War ended with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. – COURTESY PALACE OF THE GOVERNORS PHOTO ARCHIVES –

True West captures the spirit of the West with authenticity, personality and humor by providing a necessary link from our history to our present.

EDITORIAL EXECUTIVE EDITOR: Bob Boze Bell EDITOR: Meghan Saar EDITORIAL TEAM Senior Editor: Stuart Rosebrook Features Editor: Mark Boardman Copy Editor: Beth Deveny Firearms Editor: Phil Spangenberger Westerns Film Editor: Henry C. Parke Military History Editor: Col. Alan C. Huffines, U.S. Army Preservation Editor: Jana Bommersbach Social Media Editor: Darren Jensen Editorial Intern: Cameron Douglas PRODUCTION MANAGER: Robert Ray ART DIRECTOR: Daniel Harshberger GRAPHIC DESIGNER: Rebecca Edwards MAPINATOR EMERITUS: Gus Walker HISTORICAL CONSULTANT: Paul Hutton CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Tom Augherton, Allen Barra, John Beckett, Terry A. Del Bene, John Boessenecker, Johnny D. Boggs, Richard H. Dillon, Drew Gomber, Dr. Jim Kornberg, Leon Metz, Sherry Monahan, Candy Moulton, Frederick Nolan, Gary Roberts, John Stanley, Andy Thomas, Marshall Trimble, Linda Wommack ARCHIVIST/PROOFREADER: Ron Frieling PUBLISHER EMERITUS: Robert G. McCubbin TRUE WEST FOUNDER: Joe Austell Small (1914-1994)

True West Online TrueWestMagazine.com

August 2015 Online and Social Media Content

Before Tom “Black Jack” Ketchum lost his head, a photographer captured the noose being placed around his neck. Find this and more historical photography on our “Western Icons” board. Pinterest.com/TrueWestMag

Go behind the scenes of True West with Bob Boze Bell to see this and more of his Daily Whipouts (search for “May 28, 2015”). Blog.TrueWestMagazine.com

ADVERTISING/BUSINESS PRESIDENT & CEO: Bob Boze Bell PUBLISHER & COO: Ken Amorosano CFO: Lucinda Amorosano GENERAL MANAGER: Carole Compton Glenn ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER: Dave Daiss SALES & MARKETING DIRECTOR: Ken Amorosano REGIONAL SALES MANAGERS Greg Carroll ([emailprotected]) Arizona, California, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Nevada & Washington Cynthia Burke ([emailprotected]) Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah & Wyoming Sheri Riley ([emailprotected]) Colorado, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oregon, Tennessee & Texas ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT: Stephanie Noble August 2015, Vol. 62, #8, Whole #547. True West (ISSN 0041-3615) is published twelve times a year (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December) by True West Publishing, Inc., 6702 E. Cave Creek Rd, Suite #5 Cave Creek, AZ 85331. 480-575-1881. Periodical postage paid at Cave Creek, AZ 85327, and at additional mailing offices. Canadian GST Registration Number R132182866. Single copies: $5.99. U.S. subscription rate is $29.95 per year (12 issues); $49.95 for two years (24 issues). POSTMASTER: Please send address change to: True West, P.O. Box 8008, Cave Creek, AZ 85327. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright 2015 by True West Publishing, Inc.

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Join the Conversation After seeing the photo of a freight wagon in Silver City, Idaho (shown): “Used to live in Owyhee County. Even today it’s remote and sparsely populated. The road to Silver City was quite rough.” – Richard Gallagher, of Las Vegas, Nevada

4 8 9 10 12 14 16 19 40 42

OPENING SHOT SHOOTING BACK TO THE POINT TRUTH BE KNOWN INVESTIGATING HISTORY OLD WEST SAVIORS COLLECTING THE WEST SHOOTING FROM THE HIP CLASSIC GUNFIGHTS UNSUNG

44 50 56 60 62 66 89 94 96

RENEGADE ROADS WESTERN BOOKS WESTERN MOVIES FRONTIER FARE SURVIVAL OUT WEST TRUE WESTERN TOWNS WESTERN ROUNDUP ASK THE MARSHALL WHAT HISTORY HAS TAUGHT ME

INSIDE

THIS

ISSUE

AUGUST 2015 • VOLUME 62 • ISSUE 8

34 28

38 22 22 THE MAN BEHIND THE DODGE CITY WAR Luke Short’s troubles brought about one of the American West’s most famous photographs. —By Jack DeMattos and Chuck Parsons

28 THE ALLEGED BASCOM AFFAIR Why was Lt. George Bascom thrown under the wagon? —By Doug Hocking

34 SOLDIERS OF THE CROSS The first Buffalo Soldier chaplain lit the path for others, despite a dishonorable discharge. —By John Langellier

38 DISSING THE DALTONS Learn the truth behind the mysterious bent pipe at the Dalton Gang grave in Coffeyville, Kansas. —By Mark Boardman

72

72 ENGINEERING MARVELS OF THE WESTERN RAILROADS Hi-line trestles, steep canyons and scenic wonders await the adventurous traveler on America’s historic railways. —By Michael Zimmer

Watch our videos! Scanning your mobile device over any of the QR codes in this magazine to instantly stream original True West videos or be transported to our websites.

TrueWestMagazine.com

TW

HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Cover design by Dan Harshberger T R U E

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SHOOTI NG BAC K

YOUR WITNESS

Payne-ful Realization

I just read Frederick Nolan’s TWMag.com article, “The Birth of an Outlaw,” and applaud the magazine’s doggedness. It’s great to see some truly original research on Billy the Kid for a change. Regarding one Harvey Edmonds: I’ve got him in the 1885 New Mexico state census as a 55-year-old, Connecticut-born lawyer living in Colfax County, New Mexico (see below). In the same household is 17-year-old Basivio(?) Edmonds, who I am assuming is Harvey’s son. That would place Harvey in New Mexico Territory as early as 1868. To my mind, this Harvey Edmonds, a lawyer living in New Mexico, was the legal witness at the wedding of William Antrim and the Kid’s mother, Catherine McCarty. Mark Lee Gardner Cascade, Colorado

RANDOM EXCERPT OF A LETTER WE WON’T BE RUNNING

“The use of ‘perhaps,’ ‘could have’ and ‘was almost certainly’ practically demands a tighter glue than the paste that holds the story together.” X MARKS THE SPOT

I think that you may be mistaken about David Payne being third from left in Opening Shot, May 2015 (see photo at top left). If you look at the known picture of Payne in the inset (top right) and compare the shape of the nose, eye and facial hair with those of the gent holding an ax, (third from left, in the above detail), you may change your mind. Even the hat is the style seen in the known picture of Payne. The person third from left has a much darker beard—fuller and a different style. I would pick man number five as being Payne. David A. Nason Phoenix, Arizona

HISTORIC TWINS? While paging through the February 2015 True West magazine, I noticed an Apache scout (below left) who resembles a young Kirk Douglas (below right). Perhaps the actor was here before. Rafael Guerrios Shingle Springs, California, Maniac # 1066 In “Lincoln’s Western Past” [April 2015], Johnny D. Boggs includes Council Bluffs, Iowa, in his coverage, but I wanted to point out a site your readers should visit: the spot where Abraham Lincoln stood in 1859 to survey the Missouri River Valley and Nebraska Territory, marking the eastern terminus of the Transcontinental Railroad. Shared above is the marker on the monument, on Lafayette Avenue, with the Omaha, Nebraska, skyline in the background. Jeff Barnes Fifth-generation Nebraskan and native of Omaha – COURTESY GLEN SWANSON COLLECTION –

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– COURTESY UNIVERSAL PICTURES –

TO

THE

POINT

BY BOB BOZE BELL

Short & Memorable The real Luke Short finally gets his due.

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have always dug the name Luke Short, and I am not alone in my appreciation. In 1935, Illinois-born writer Frederick Dilley Glidden sold “Six-Gun Lawyer” to Cowboy Stories pulp magazine. The editor liked the story, but complained that Glidden’s name did not sound “Western.” Glidden’s agent, Marguerite E. Harper, came up with the pen name Luke Short because, as she put it, “It is short and memorable,” which is redundant, if you think about it. Neither she nor Glidden knew that the name was the handle of a famous Old West character. (I have a hard time believing this claim, especially since Glidden was a fan of Westerns.) At any rate, the new name worked like a charm. After publishing 13 novels in the 1930s under the pen name Luke Short, Glidden started writing movies, with four Luke Short-penned movies appearing in 1948 alone. He enjoyed a long career, before dying at the age of 66 in 1974. Thanks to our friends, and respected historians, Chuck Parsons and Jack DeMattos, the real Luke Short finally gets his due in The Notorious Luke Short. From their book, we share how the gunfighter incited the Dodge City War (p. 22). To help out his buddy, Bat Masterson visited Silverton, Colorado, to enlist Wyatt Earp’s support, and the two traveled by train to reach Short. One narrow gauge segment from those days that still steams on is the Durango & Silverton. A great time to ride the train is this August, during the magazine’s fourth “True West Railfest.” This year’s festival is going to be the best yet, with New Mexico historian Paul Andrew Hutton joining the fun (see p. 2-3).

Luke Short draws iron in front of the Oriental Saloon in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, while novelist Frederick Dilley Glidden, a.k.a. Luke Short, rides on his coattails. – ILLUSTRATED BY BOB BOZE BELL –

For a behind-the-scenes look at running this magazine, check out BBB’s daily blog at TWMag.com T R U E

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TRUTH B E KNOWN

Bizarro

Quotes

BY DA N P I R A R O

“My hated figure is the Western hero who rides along looking like a transvestite, strumming his guitar, nasally singing a synthetic ballad, and looking for all the world like a fugitive from a cheap circus.” – John Meston, the head writer for the Gunsmoke radio and TV series

– American-Canadian journalist Jane Jacobs

“June 3. Cold Harbor. I was killed.” – Alleged note found in a blood-splattered diary on the body of a Union soldier

“One machine can do the work of fifty ordinary men. No machine can do the work of one extraordinary man.” – American businessman Elbert Hubbard, who died with his wife, aboard the Lusitania

“...the only way to have a friend is to be one.”

Katherine McLintock (Maureen O’Hara): “Are you going to stand there with that stupid look on your face while the hired help insults your wife?” George Washington McLintock (John Wayne): “He can’t help it—he’s just ignorant. He doesn’t know any better than to tell the truth. And I can’t help this stupid look. I started acquiring it as you gained in social prominence!” —From 1963’s McLintock! – BY CHESTER HARDING, 1834 OIL PORTRAIT –

“Virtually all ideologues, of any variety, are fearful and insecure, which is why they are drawn to ideologies that promise prefabricated answers for all circumstances.”

“Pop, pop, pop! Bom, bom, bom! throughout the day. No time for memorandums now. Go ahead! Liberty and Independence forever.” —David Crockett, in his alleged last diary entry, dated March 5, 1836, the day before the fall of the Alamo

– American essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson

Henry Fonda, as Wyatt Earp in 1946’s My Darling Clementine

“I’ve been close to Bette Davis for 38 years—and I have the cigarette burns to prove it.”

– COURTESY TWENTIETH CENTURY FOX FILM CORPORATION –

– Henry Fonda T R U E

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Old Vaquero Saying

“Don’t look where you fall, but where you slipped.”

I N V E ST I G AT I N G

H I STO R Y

BY MARK BOARDMAN

Justice for Jack Remember Jack Swilling’s Arizona legacy, not the suspicion of robbery that preceded his death. The only known photo of Jack Swilling shows him (seated) with his adopted Apache son, Guillermo, in Prescott, Arizona, in 1875. His second wife, Trinidad Mejia Escalante, said the photo had been taken in jest, yet it was used against Swilling after he was accused of robbing a stagecoach in 1878. — COURTESY ROBERT G. MCCUBBIN COLLECTION —

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ioneer Jack Swilling should be remembered for his many contributions to Arizona—but his legacy is clouded by a robbery charge. Born John W. Swilling on April Fool’s Day, 1830, in South Carolina, he spent his first quarter-century in the South. Details about his early life are cloudy. He suffered a broken skull and a gunshot to the back in 1854, but he did not reveal how he got the injuries. Those physical problems, though, led to a lifetime addiction to alcohol and opiates, which probably

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encouraged him to spin yarns. On his 26th birthday, Swilling moved west. Over the next several years, he worked as a teamster, miner, bartender and saloon owner, U.S. Army scout, Indian fighter, farmer and businessman. He served during the Civil War—on both sides. During and after that tumultuous period, Swilling helped create two of Arizona’s most important cities. In 1863, three years after Swilling had first explored the Bradshaw Mountains, he guided Joseph R. Walker’s expedition that resulted in a gold rush in the area—and the settlement of the town of Prescott. Swilling made a small fortune. By 1867, he and his family were living in the Salt River Valley. He convinced associates to utilize ancient canals to bring water to the valley, and farmers flocked to the area. It was called Phoenix. In 1878, despite his failing health, the adventurer headed to the

Wickenburg Mountains with two pals, looking for the remains of Col. Jacob Snively, a friend and fellow prospector who had been killed by Apaches seven years before. During the time of their journey, on April 19, three men robbed a stage near Wickenburg—and the description of the suspects matched Swilling and company. Word got around that Swilling had told drinking buddies how robbing the stage would be easy and lucrative. He and his friends were arrested. The sickly Swilling had to be carried to the stagecoach that took him to the hot, dirty and unhealthy jail in Yuma. He wrote a letter to the public, sharing his background and defending himself against the robbery charges. His plea for help did no good. Swilling died in his cell on August 12. Over the next few weeks, authorities identified the real stage robbers. Swilling and his friends were cleared of the crime. Swilling’s final resting place is another cloudy chapter in his life. His grave was among the many lost 25 years later, when a railroad yard was built over Yuma’s pioneer cemetery. Local lore states that Swilling’s body may have been moved to the new Yuma cemetery. No matter where his bones may rest, let’s remember Swilling as a vital Arizona pioneer— and downplay the sad ending to his tale.

Swilling had told drinking buddies how robbing the stage would be easy and lucrative.

OLD

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S AV I O R S

BY JANA BOMMERSBACH

Liberty, Not Death A monument at Fort Robinson offers an important rallying cry for Northern Cheyennes.

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hildren soothed their thirst by scraping their fingernails on barrack windows to capture frost and warded off hunger by chewing on leather. After four days of starvation, their elders declared they would rather die seeking freedom than perish like this. Thus, on January 9, 1879, Chief Dull Knife and approximately 149 of his Northern Cheyennes broke out of their Fort Robinson prison in Nebraska, successfully ending up on their homelands in Montana. They had been imprisoned at the fort since the first time they had fled, from the governmentimposed exile of the tribe to Oklahoma. Although unarmed, these refugees fought the U.S. troops who pursued them. Soldiers killed 39 Northern Cheyenne men and 22 women and children. Journalists horrified the nation with accounts of the flight. President Rutherford B. Hayes called for a congressional investigation of the “unnecessary cruelty,” and The New York Times editorialized about the “shameful record” this incident added to America’s sins. If the Northern Cheyennes had returned to Oklahoma, as the government demanded, or remained in Nebraska to die, his people would have ceased to exist, says Major Robinson, whose Great-Great-Grandmother Humpback Woman survived the march. “It’s truly amazing what they did,” he adds. That’s why so many people’s hearts broke when, in 2000, descendants of those brave Northern Cheyennes discovered next to nothing at Fort Robinson commemorated their plight. Edna Seminole and Rose Eagle Feathers found only a simple sign—pockmarked with bullet holes—designating

Edna Seminole, Ralph Red Fox and Edna’s son, Winslow White Crane (from left), worked with the community to build the Northern Cheyenne Breakout Monument. Bison rancher Ted Hughes, who donated the land, lived to see the memorial before he died this March. – BY DAVID HENDEE OF THE OMAHA WORLD NEWS –

the spot. They declared their ancestors deserved better. That marked the beginning of the Northern Cheyenne Breakout Monument that now stands on a hill near Fort Robinson State Park. Robinson, an architect who designed buildings around the world before returning to the Northern Cheyenne reservation in southeastern Montana in 1999, worked with a tribal committee to design the pipestoneclad obelisk, topped by a morning star, symbolizing the Cheyenne name for Dull Knife. Calling the monument “pretty powerful,” Robinson says, “This is not just about remembering, but about healing for the next generation— not just for tribal people, but for nontribal people as well. It’s amazing how many donations came from the people of Nebraska.”

They would rather die seeking freedom than perish like this.

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The $150,000 raised for the monument included major contributions from Chief Dull Knife College, the Northern Cheyenne Tribe, Western Energy and St. Labre Indian School. Robinson admits he was shocked when he learned about the breakout, history he had never heard while growing up. Now his children know the story. He and his wife have taken their two girls and son to Fort Robinson. “The kids question why it happened—why we were treated like that,” he says. “It makes them sad, but proud of being Cheyenne.” Nearly 140 years have passed since the tragedy, he says, but now everyone can learn about the courage and determination of the Northern Cheyennes.

Arizona’s Journalist of the Year, Jana Bommersbach has won an Emmy and two Lifetime Achievement Awards. She also cowrote and appeared on the Emmy-winning Outrageous Arizona and has written two true crime books, a children’s book and the historical novel Cattle Kate.

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From your iPad, download the Zinio app, then search True West. From your computer, visit www.zinio.com and search for True West. Get your history-fix with a single issue or a full year of America’s favorite history magazine in vivid color!

COLLECTING

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BY MEGHAN SAAR

First Sketch Made in the West A painting inspired by Thomas Moran’s sketch of Green River tops Christie’s auction of William Koch’s Western artworks.

Christie’s New York still holds the artist record for Thomas Moran, for another Green River oil, painted in 1878. A collector bid $15.8 million for it seven years before the above Green River 1896 oil hammered in at $7.5 million.

B

efore 34-year-old Thomas Moran reached his ultimate destination of Yellowstone in Wyoming Territory in the summer of 1871, he stepped off the Union Pacific Railroad and viewed the towering cliffs of the Green River. The artist completed a field study that he later inscribed, “First Sketch Made in the West.” Moran would return to this first Western subject of his many times during his storied career. His 1896 oil of Green River, featuring a troop of American Indians in the lower right, was exhibited at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., and appeared at auction for the first

time, on May 21, 2015, at Christie’s New York. Not surprisingly, this rare work of art landed the top bid, at $7.5 million. The painting was sold from the collection of American businessman William Koch, who is most famously known in the Old West collecting arena for paying $2.1 million for the only known photograph of outlaw Billy the Kid. Koch has been collecting Western artworks for an Old West town he hopes to build, but he ran out of room and decided to put some of the treasures on the auction block. The Green River oil was painted a quarter century after Moran spent five

“I place no value upon literal transcripts from Nature.”

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weeks with Dr. Ferdinand Hayden’s surveying expedition to Yellowstone to complete an article assignment for Scribner’s Monthly. His visual documentation of more than 30 sites, along with photographs taken by William Henry Jackson, inspired the creation of Yellowstone as America’s first national park in 1872. Although Moran took eight trips to the West, between 1871 and 1892, he never forgot his first experience of the frontier. His sketch of Green River lived on in his studio as the basis for more than 40 depictions he created of the river’s bluffs. His daughter Ruth recalled that whenever the household needed funds, the family would joke, “Well, it’s time for Father to paint another Green River.” The artist did have a tendency to minimize signs of civilization in his paintings. He didn’t portray Green River’s railroad settlement, which had about 2,000 residents in 1868, the year Congress established Wyoming Territory. Moran ignored the town’s schoolhouse, church, hotel and brewery, and a landscape scarred by train tracks. Easterners viewing Green River from Moran’s perspective saw a virgin, pristine area, whose only inhabitants were wild American Indians. “I place no value upon literal transcripts from Nature. My general scope is not realistic; all my tendencies are toward idealization,” Moran freely admitted. Along with Moran’s oil, collectors purchased works by other artists who similarly portrayed a more romantic and nostalgic impression of the frontier.

Notable Western Art Lots Included (All images courtesy Christie’s New York)

Paintings that sold for higher bids than previous auctions include: Pretty Mother of the Night—White Otter is No Longer a Boy, by Frederic Remington, bidding in at $1.95 million, an increase from $1.4 million in 2011; Attack on the Emigrant Train, by Thomas Hill, at $190,000, an increase from $37,500 in 2011; and Offering the Pipe to Thunder, by Amédée Joullin, which set an artist record with the $85,000 bid, an increase from $24,000 in 2000 (top three: clockwise from left).

UPCOMING AUCTIONS August 16-17, 2015 Cowboy & Indian Collectibles Auction in Santa Fe (Santa Fe, NM) AuctionInSantaFe.com 307-635-0019

August 22, 2015 Western Artworks Western Masters (Coeur d’Alene, ID) WesternMastersArtShow.com 406-781-0550

Paintings that sold for lower bids than previous auctions include: The Sutter Creek Stage, by Frank Tenney Johnson, at $300,000, a decrease from $350,000 in 2012; Leader of Men, by Howard Terpning, bidding in at $700,000, a decrease from $850,000 in 2012; and Marking the Crossing, by Tom Lovell, at $210,000, a decrease from $350,000 in 2012 (bottom three: clockwise from above).

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Cartridge Rifles 1860 Henry Lever Action

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